Būdvardžių su priesagomis -ingas (-a), -inis (-ė) ir -iškas (-a) istoriniai ryšiai

Anotacija

HISTORICAL RELATIONS OF ADJECTIVES WITH THE SUFFIXES -ingas (-a), -inis (-ė) AND -iškas (-a)

Summary

Derivatives in -ingas (-a) (< *-ino- +*-g-)were much more productive in Old Lithuanian than in Modern Lithuanian. In the 16^th–17^th centuries they were widely formed not only from substantives but also from adjectives (cf. dosningas MP 96; K1G 63; C I 708 : dosnùs ‘generous, liberal’), verbs (cf. geidingas ‘desirous’ SP I 359_19-20: geĩsti ‘desire’) and sometimes from participles, cf. išganytingas ‘salutary’ (widely used in Old Lithuanian texts): išganýtas ‘saved’. The same derivational features are characteric of adjectives in *-ingo- in Latvian, partly in Old Prussian and of corresponding derivatives with the suffix *-ino- in the Baltic languages.

Some Old Lithuanian adjectives in -ingas (-a) had the same meaning as their equivalents with the suffixes -inas (cf. kruvingas KN 251₁₄ and krùvinas ‘bloody’), -inis (cf. akmeningas DP 68₇ and akmenìnis ‘of stones’), -iškas (dievingas SD³ 232 and diẽviškas ‘divine’). Adjectives in -iškas (-a) were also semanticaly very close to derivatives in -inis (-ė) in the texts of the 16^th–17^th centuries, cf. example from „Ewangelie Polskie y Litewskie” (1647) by J. Jaknavičius: tewas iuʃu dungißkas (aba dunginis) peniiuos 113_13-16.

So in Old Lithuanian denominative derivatives in -ingas (-a), -inas (-a), -inis (-ė)and -iškas (-a) belonged to the same derivational category of attributive adjectives. On the other hand, deverbal derivatives in -ingas (-a), -inas (-a), -tinas (-a) and other deverbal adjectives can be ascribed to another derivational category – adjectives denoting actions and their results.